The foundation of capitalism is a philosophy of reason, egoism, and individual rights.

What is the foundation of capitalism?
Politics is not a primary. Politics is the application of ethics to social issues. One's politics depends on one's ethics; and one's ethics depends on one's metaphysics (studies the nature of reality) and epistemology (studies the nature of grasping reality). In other words ones view of what is the proper social system for men to live together in, depends on how one views man, and the world he lives in -- that is one's view of politics is shaped by one's underlying philosophy.

Capitalism is a political system that if based upon the wrong philosophical base, is like a towering skyscraper, built on quicksand.

What philosophy provides a proper base for Capitalism?
A philosophy today that provides a proper foundation for capitalism is Ayn Rand's philosophy: Objectivism.


Suggested Reading:

What Philosophy Is, and How to Study It
by Leonard Peikoff